In May 2024, Togo’s President Faure Gnassingbé signed a constitution transitioning to a parliamentary system. Supporters claim this reduces his power, while critics label it a “constitutional coup,” arguing it allows him to maintain control. The history of repression in Togo under the Gnassingbé family issues a backdrop to ongoing debates about democracy, with significant international implications.
In May 2024, Togo’s President Faure Gnassingbé signed a new constitution, moving from a presidential to a parliamentary system where lawmakers elect the president. Supporters claim the reforms reduce Gnassingbé’s power, turning the presidency into a largely ceremonial role. However, critics brand it a “constitutional coup,” arguing the reforms entrench his rule by eliminating term limits and allowing him to extend his presidency beyond 20 years in office. The new constitution extends presidential terms from five years to six, with a single term limit that does not retroactively apply to Gnassingbé, despite his nearly two decades in power.
The ruling Union pour la République (UNIR) party, led by Gnassingbé, passed the reforms in a parliament dominated by its members. Public opposition surfaced, yet the amendments were implemented after UNIR secured a majority. Critics view these changes as a façade for maintaining power. Professor Abdul Majeed Hajj Sibo argues that the supposed reforms are mere illusions, designed to create a false narrative of democratic progress while the essence of authoritarian rule remains intact.
Togo’s political landscape is significantly shaped by a history of repression initiated by former president Gnassingbé Eyadéma, who ruled for 38 years. His regime was marked by the removal of term limits, leading to human rights abuses and violent responses to dissent. After a military installation following Eyadéma’s death in 2005, Faure faced accusations of electoral manipulation and has been criticized for his grip over democratic processes, which remain riddled with violence and suppression.
Many critics argue that the constitution change merely shifts real power to a newly defined role while Gnassingbé aims to stay in control. The amendment allows him to remain influential, as he is expected to assume the position of council of ministers’ president. Pre-vote measures included restricting civil liberties, arresting opposition figures, and limiting media presence, further justifying claims of a façade over actual democratic reform.
The opposition has long faced severe crackdowns, with previous protests resulting in hundreds of deaths. Their unity is hampered by fear of violence and repression, limiting political action and representation. The opposition’s fragmented approach, characterized by boycotts and internal disputes, has allowed the ruling party to secure a majority in parliamentary elections despite ongoing discontent among the populace.
Internationally, Togo’s political situation stirs resentment, particularly toward France, which is seen as supporting the Gnassingbé regime for economic interests. Critics highlight that France’s reluctance to challenge or destabilize the regime is driven by its business investments in Togo. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and African Union (AU) have shown limited effectiveness in addressing Togo’s political challenges, raising concerns about their authority in enforcing democratic practices among member states.
Looking ahead, change appears unlikely while Faure retains military loyalty, a cornerstone of his power. Analysts suggest that any significant challenge must stem from within his own party or a loss of military backing. However, some political analysts express hope that with greater cohesion, the opposition might mobilize against the regime. The need for a unified front remains critical as they seek to voice their demands for change beyond political repression.
The article discusses the recent constitutional reforms in Togo under President Faure Gnassingbé, transitioning from a presidential to a parliamentary system. These changes are perceived by some as a means to consolidate the president’s power rather than diminish it, especially with the objections raised against the removal of term limits. The historical context of Togo’s leadership and political repression under the Gnassingbé family significantly shapes the current political dynamics, influencing public sentiment and opposition actions.
In conclusion, the recent constitutional reforms in Togo have raised significant concerns about their impact on true democratic governance. Critics argue they primarily serve to entrench Faure Gnassingbé’s power rather than foster genuine change. The landscape of political repression and the historical context underline the challenges faced by opposition groups in a heavily controlled electoral environment. The future of democracy in Togo depends on the unity and resilience of the opposition, alongside the external influence and interests of international actors like France.
Original Source: www.ipsnews.net
