Experts warn of potential water scarcity in São Paulo despite current adequate reservoir levels. Climate change is causing irregular rainfall patterns, increasing risks of drought and flooding. Ongoing infrastructure improvements are enhancing resilience, while the need for effective management and ecological restoration strategies is highlighted to maintain long-term water security.
The São Paulo metropolitan area is experiencing a current water supply that remains at adequate levels, yet experts express concerns about future water scarcity due to changing climate patterns. Seasonal rainfall has not been as robust as in previous years, leading to increased scrutiny regarding the sustainability of water resources in the region. José Marengo, a climate expert, acknowledged the uncertainty in predictions, indicating potential risks ahead.
Despite only one reservoir, Alto Tietê, being below average at this time, water storage levels have notably declined since last year, with total average capacity dropping to 61.7%, down from 77.3%. Samuel Barreto from The Nature Conservancy highlighted that historical averages have not been met since the rainy season resumed in October, exacerbating the worry over future dry spells.
Marengo remarked that rainfall patterns are shifting, now characterized by irregular storm bursts rather than continuous drizzle. This alteration has increased the likelihood of extreme weather events, such as wildfires, particularly noticeable in western São Paulo in 2024.
Cemaden researcher Ana Paula Cunha pointed out that while heavy summer rainfall could create the illusion of sufficient water supply, analysis of data over the past 25 years indicates a trend toward fewer rainy days with greater total accumulations, heightening the chances of catastrophic flooding.
Infrastructure advancements, spurred by previous water crises, have resulted in improved reservoir interconnections that enhance the region’s resistance to drought. In February, Sabesp recorded historic water treatment rates, underscoring resilience but also revealing the importance of ongoing maintenance and management strategies.
Cemaden’s Marengo stressed the need for significant improvements in the water distribution and transport infrastructure to minimize waste, underscoring that Brazil’s water resources, while abundant, are finite. Suggested measures also include investing in climate adaptation strategies and addressing greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate future risks.
Sabesp has introduced short- and long-term plans to boost water security, including the transfer of water from the Itapanhaú River to enhance reservoir capacities. Environmental initiatives, comprising a reforestation campaign, have begun to recover critical water supply areas.
The São Paulo Municipal Government acknowledges the sustainability of its water supplies is crucial, and a new sanitation plan is in development. While infrastructure improvements are crucial, a balance of both traditional and innovative strategies, including ecological restoration, is imperative to ensure a resilient water supply in an unpredictable climate landscape.
Experts agree that significant efforts towards an integrated and adaptable water management approach are essential to combat climate-induced challenges and sustain water availability for the vast population of Greater São Paulo.
Overall, the current outlook remains cautiously optimistic; however, the need for proactive measures in water management and sustainable practices is increasingly relevant to avert potential crises in upcoming years.
As São Paulo navigates potential climate-induced water scarcity, current reservoir levels remain secure. However, experts emphasize the need for ongoing infrastructural enhancements, comprehensive water management, and ecological restoration. The combination of modern engineering efforts and ecological measures, alongside climate adaptation strategies, are crucial for ensuring long-term water security in the region amidst evolving climatic conditions.
Original Source: valorinternational.globo.com
