Expert Digne Rwabuhungu reveals Rwanda’s critical minerals have been documented since the 1930s, emphasizing the importance of mineral exploration, resource management, and workforce development amid growing global demand, particularly for electric vehicles. He also highlights the need for a geological survey institution to map and understand the country’s mineral resources better.
Digne Rwabuhungu, head of the School of Mining and Geology at the University of Rwanda, has countered misconceptions about Rwanda’s mineral resources by referencing surveys from the 1930s. These surveys confirmed the presence of deposits of tin, tantalum, tungsten (3Ts), and gold in the country. Rwabuhungu, trained in Belgium and a co-author of numerous research texts, emphasizes the well-documented nature of these mineral findings.
The geological composition of Rwanda is significantly influenced by the Karagwe-Ankole Belt, which also extends into Uganda and Tanzania. This geological formation is rich in minerals such as tin and tungsten, indicating that mineral resources can exist across borders. Rwabuhungu explains that the concept of critical minerals is dynamic and varies based on economic significance and supply risks.
Surveys since the 1930s have highlighted Rwanda’s rich deposits of critical minerals, which are located within granitic formations characterized by steep faults. According to the Rwanda Development Board, the country is notable for its historical mineral occurrences and active mines that predominantly produce cassiterite, coltan, and gold, alongside rare minerals and lithium.
With lithium emerging as a significant mineral resource in Rwanda—primarily due to its application in electric vehicle batteries—Rwabuhungu notes that the critical nature of such minerals can evolve over time. He lists other major lithium-producing countries, including Australia, China, and the United States, demonstrating the global context of these resources.
Research in the region, particularly within the Karagwe-Ankole Belt, has historically benefited from colonial studies, yet Rwabuhungu asserts that research and investment were unevenly distributed. He calls for enhanced mineral exploration in Rwanda, highlighting the recent establishment of its School of Mining and Geology in 2015, which has greatly increased the number of trained professionals in geology.
The increasing demand for critical minerals, driven by technological advancements and e-mobility, is expected to rise significantly. A report from the International Energy Agency projects a 125% increase in electric vehicle demand from 2017 to 2030. Rwabuhungu advocates for responsible production strategies to manage market dynamics effectively and urges African countries to invest in skilled professionals in mining and geology.
Currently, Rwanda lacks a dedicated geological survey institution, which is crucial for understanding and mapping its natural resources. Rwabuhungu compares this to institutions in the U.S., U.K., and Tanzania, emphasizing the need for similar structures to support resource management and development.
Digne Rwabuhungu sheds light on Rwanda’s rich critical mineral resources, emphasizing historical surveys that confirm the existence of valuable deposits. He advocates for further exploration, skilled workforce development, and responsible production to meet the growing global demand for minerals, particularly in light of technological advancements. Establishing a geological survey institution is essential for effectively managing Rwanda’s mineral wealth and ensuring sustainable practices.
Original Source: www.newtimes.co.rw
