Ethiopia and Eritrea have a tumultuous history but have made strides toward cooperation since signing a peace agreement in 2018. Key factors affecting their relations include colonial legacies and conflicting narratives. Despite improvements, tensions persist, necessitating ongoing dialogue and efforts to secure Ethiopia’s access to the Red Sea. The international community’s role and scholarly input are essential in fostering long-term stability.
Ethiopia and Eritrea’s relationship is characterized by a tumultuous history marked by conflict and the recent pursuit of cooperation. The Eritrean War of Independence (1961–1991) and the Eritrean-Ethiopian War (1998–2000) defined their complex historical ties. A pivotal change occurred in 2018 with Ethiopia and Eritrea signing a peace agreement that ended a prolonged period of stalemate and initiated significant reforms under Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed.
Following the peace accord in July 2018, the two nations took monumental steps towards improving relations, including reopening borders, resuming flights, reconnecting telecommunications, and reopening embassies. These measures facilitated family reunions and initiated reconciliation efforts, demonstrating a shift from previous hostilities towards a more cooperative relationship.
Research insights reveal underlying factors influencing Ethiopia-Eritrea relations, highlighting colonial legacies and enduring narratives of conflict. Such narratives have perpetuated animosities, contrasting identities, and power struggles among political leaders. A shared history of annexation and civil war has roots that remain relevant today, obstructing meaningful dialogue and collaboration.
Colonial legacies imparted territorial and social divisions that continue to affect bilateral relations. Additionally, historical narratives have bred mistrust between the nations, complicating efforts for cooperation. The consequences have been evident, as both states experienced explosive conflicts rooted in unresolved issues from the past.
Past regimes, such as that of Emperor Haile Selassie I and the Derg, failed to effectively navigate the challenges posed by their political landscapes. Their inability to facilitate inclusive dialogue or strategic agreements upon Eritrea’s independence left significant issues unresolved, ultimately leading to renewed conflict.
Despite the complex past, the 2018 peace signing marked a significant breakthrough in bilateral relations. Prime Minister Abiy’s proactive approach and outreach to Eritrea’s President Isaias Afwerki were critical in this shift, manifesting in effective diplomatic outcomes and fostering a new atmosphere of bilateral trust.
Nevertheless, the Pretoria Peace Agreement signed on November 3, 2022, with the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) indicates potential strains, particularly concerning external perceptions of Ethiopia’s political stability. Eritrea’s dissatisfaction with this internal political arrangement suggests lingering tensions that could affect regional cooperation.
Ethiopia, landlocked since Eritrea’s independence, continues to pursue access to the Red Sea. This aspiration is vital for its economy and requires negotiations that involve not only Eritrea but also neighboring countries like Somaliland and Somalia to secure economic benefits. Engagement through bilateral discussions is essential for addressing concerns and fostering mutual cooperation in this regard.
There remains hope for Eritrea to engage positively with Ethiopia, especially if President Isaias’s regime can commit to a genuine cooperative effort. Realizing the inherent benefits of peace requires both nations to confront historical grievances and prioritize a constructive dialogue.
The future of Ethiopia-Eritrea relations hinges upon recognizing deep-seated historical complexities and an enduring commitment to mutual cooperation. Current and future generations must actively seek alternatives to conflict, focusing on sustainable peace and collaboration to ensure stability and prosperity in the region.
The international community, along with academic institutions, should contribute to fostering dialogue and healing historical wounds. By supporting research and policies aimed at long-term stability, these stakeholders can help promote a prosperous Horn of Africa.
The evolving relationship between Ethiopia and Eritrea demonstrates a potential path toward cooperation despite a fraught historical backdrop. Efforts initiated by the 2018 peace agreement have shown that dialogue and mutual understanding are possible, though they remain contingent upon addressing unresolved issues and fostering inclusive negotiations. Emphasizing shared goals and recognizing historical complexities may pave the way for lasting peace in the region, aided by external support and academic contributions.
Original Source: addisstandard.com
