Brazil’s National Nuclear Energy Commission is developing microreactors to reduce reliance on diesel. The project involves IPEN and IEN for material research and reactor assembly. Funding from Finep supports a three-year initiative aimed at creating a microreactor capable of remote operation with a budget of BRL50 million. The effort is collaborative, involving multiple universities and institutions, leading towards a unique Brazilian solution in nuclear technology.
Brazil’s National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) is advancing a microreactor project aimed at diversifying energy sources, particularly to decrease dependency on diesel generators in small municipalities and isolated regions. Two technical units, the Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN) in Sao Paulo and the Institute of Nuclear Engineering (IEN) in Rio de Janeiro, will play vital roles in research and practical applications of the technology.
Approved by the Financier of Studies & Projects (Finep), IPEN will focus on creating essential materials for the microreactor, such as moderators (beryllium oxide and graphite) and control rods (boron carbide), ensuring a reliable local supply. Additionally, the institute is set to explore the development of nuclear fuel, especially larger diameter uranium dioxide (UO2).
Researcher Jesualdo Luiz Rossi highlighted IPEN’s historical expertise in handling beryllium, stating it dates back to the 1960s and 1970s. The project aims to revitalize this knowledge by establishing a modern laboratory designed for safely managing toxic materials, hence promoting large-scale production. This initiative signifies a step towards leveraging past experiences for innovative breakthroughs.
IEN is set to resume research on a subcritical reactor unit, a project initially pursued in the 1970s, with additional work commencing in 2018. Francisco Jose de Oliveira Ferreira from IEN emphasized the extensive studies and resources already available. The task will also involve extensive neutron behaviour research to validate theoretical models and refine reactor technology.
The project, titled “Development and Testing of Critical Technologies Applicable to Nuclear Microreactors,” is budgeted at BRL50 million, with BRL30 million funded by Finep. It involves a collaborative effort between companies Diamante Geração de Energia, INB, and Terminus Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Energia, along with multiple universities and research institutions, enhancing Brazil’s nuclear program.
The three-year initiative aims to create and validate a low-power nuclear microreactor capable of generating about 3 MWe from a containerized unit designed for remote operation over a decade without refueling. CNEN pointed out that unlike international efforts, Brazil is crafting a distinctly national solution rooted in scientific research and prior nuclear experience.
Project Technical Coordinator Professor Joao Moreira of UFABC confirmed the originality of the design, relying on Brazil’s scientific and industrial competencies. Meanwhile, project coordinator Adolfo Braid indicated IPEN’s significant role in expanding its participation in microreactor construction as demand evolves, ensuring strong links to the Navy’s nuclear expertise.
The microreactor will feature vital components such as the core, reflector, and passive heat transfer systems employing innovative engineering solutions, notably heat pipes which will be pivotal for thermal stability. Current project progression is at TRL 3, and the goal is to demonstrate practical application by reaching TRL 6.
To facilitate this, four Technology Development Units will be established for essential testing. The management of the project poses challenges, especially considering the coordination across various institutions; hence, management software will be utilized to enhance task tracking and planning efficiency.
Brazil is making significant strides in its nuclear program with the advancement of microreactors, aimed at providing energy to remote regions and reducing diesel dependency. Through collaboration among major research institutions and innovative technology development, Brazil aims to establish a fully national microreactor system. The project’s emphasis on historical expertise, safety protocols, and modern engineering solutions illustrates a comprehensive approach toward sustainable energy production, with goals aligned to achieve practical applications in the near future.
Original Source: www.neimagazine.com
