Fog harvesting could provide an essential and sustainable water source for Alto Hospicio, one of the world’s driest cities. This method captures moisture from fog using mesh systems, which could significantly improve access to clean water for impoverished communities dependent on truck deliveries. Research indicates that strategic fog collection could meet urban water demands and support local agriculture in a region constrained by limited rainfall.
Research in Chile has revealed that large-scale fog harvesting could offer a sustainable water supply for some of the world’s driest cities, particularly Alto Hospicio, which sees annual rainfall of less than 0.19 inches (5 mm). Dr. Virginia Carter Gamberini from Universidad Mayor highlights the social issues facing the city, particularly poverty and limited access to clean water, relying on water delivered by truck for those in lower-income communities.
Fog harvesting is achieved through a simple mechanism: a fine mesh is erected between poles, capturing moisture from fog as it passes through, forming droplets that can be directed into storage systems. This technique, which has seen limited application in rural regions of Latin America, could be scaled up to enhance water supplies in urban settings. Notably, Morocco has established one of the largest fog harvesting systems in a desert environment.
Dr. Gamberini advocates for a “new era” of urban fog harvesting, spurred by their assessments of fog water production and satellite weather data. Their analysis indicates that the fog from the Pacific Ocean, blown over the mountainous terrain of Alto Hospicio, could significantly contribute to local drinking water supplies, as noted in their publication in Frontiers of Environmental Science.
The fog over Alto Hospicio, formed when warm, moist air meets cold ocean water, has provided consistent conditions for harvesting. Researchers calculated that an area of 17,000 square meters of mesh could meet the weekly water needs of local communities, while a mere 110 square meters could satisfactorily irrigate urban green spaces. Additionally, fog water could be utilized in hydroponic farming, yielding between 33 to 44 pounds (15 to 20 kg) of vegetables monthly.
Located at the edge of the Atacama Desert, one of the driest regions globally, Alto Hospicio faces severe water shortages, primarily relying on ancient underground aquifers. Given the increasing demands from both urban populations and industries like mining, the research team stresses the necessity for sustainable alternatives to ensure clean water access. Dr. Gamberini notes the unique conditions in Chile due to its coastal and mountainous geography and is mapping potential fog harvesting sites across the country.
Dr. Carter emphasizes that “water from the clouds” can enhance urban resilience to climate change and improve clean water accessibility. The team’s ongoing efforts aim to integrate this innovative approach into broader water management strategies, which could offer substantial benefits for vulnerable urban populations.
In summary, fog harvesting presents a viable solution to address the critical water shortages faced by arid cities like Alto Hospicio, Chile. By capitalizing on naturally occurring fog, communities can secure sustainable sources of clean water, improving access and resiliency while minimizing reliance on depleting underground aquifers. As researchers explore large-scale applications, this method could reshape urban water supply strategies amidst growing climate challenges.
Original Source: www.bbc.com
